bahasa inggris bisnis 2

TOEFL ( Test Of English as a Foreign Language ) is an English proficiency test         (American accent) is required to apply to college ( college ) or university in the United States or any other country in the world. This exam is required for applicants whose native language is not English or speaker . The purpose of the TOEFL is to measure the extent of our ability in mastering English, TOEFL is also often used to get a scholarship both within and outside the country

Listening comprehension section on the TOEFL test is often a frightening specter for the test participants . The first part of the TOEFL test is often made ​​participants failed to pass the test . Although it is too smart to speak English did not pass . While studying English at school or in the course of learning how rarely the correct English pronunciation , so that when they hear a native speaker so it is difficult to understand what he was saying.

For some people , to reach a value of 500 in the TOEFL test is not easy . That's because they do not know how to TOEFL test correctly . In the TOEFL test work we need to do some strategies for the TOEFL test scores we can achieve 500 points or more . TOEFL test consists of two types of computer -based and paper -based testing . There are four sections in the test TOEFL test them , namely : Listening Comprehension , Structure and Written Expression , Reading Comprehension and Written Test Of English .

The first session is a session on TOEFL Listening Comprehension test . In general , this session consists of 50 questions or something . The length of time given to answer the third part is only for 35 minutes . We are required to hear some of the conversations that had been recorded previously , and then answer the questions based on the information that has been mentioned by cassette recorder / tape . This conversation is not shown on the question paper , but you will only see about numbers (1,2,3,etc. . ) Along with the possible answers to each question ( A,B,C,and D ). In this first part you will need to listen carefully and concentrate on the conversation ( dialogue and monologue ) . This is because you will not get a second chance to re- listen to a conversation.

Requirments for TOEFL Listening Strategies

Strategies for the TOEFL Listening aims to provide each and every minute detail needed to respond to all questions within the time provided in this section . Responding to the questions in time is very important because it will help to save time TOEFL candidates , they may spend on, one particular part of the test section. There are certain steps in a strategy that will help in managing time in each part of the listening section of the test ( recording ) . There are some basic requirements for the listening skills that serve the steps in TOEFL listening strategy with the following details

1.      Basic Comprehension

When students listen to a recorded lecture or a conversation, they should understand the central or main idea in it. Then they should skim the recording for key points, important facts, purpose and the relevant details that connects the key points.

2.      Practical Understanding

It may also be called as “pragmatic understanding” where the meaning of a word should be taken, according to the context. Students are needed to find the intended meaning of the speaker i.e. from his point of view. A wide range of vocabulary is necessary for this process because, the recordings in listening test are usually from academic background. Practical understanding also becomes a must to find the purpose of a lecture or a conversation.

3.      Relate Ideas given in multiple information sources

Relating ideas is the final state where the key points and the important facts are compared to find the relationship between them. This method would initially lead to construct an argument. Then a string of supportive and non supportive elements are categorized and as a result the causes for the events are traced. This is where a student would end up identifying the conclusion which is expressed indirectly.

4.      Inference

Inference is to find the implied conclusion in recordings from the author’s point of view. The conclusion might be implied or expressed indirectly anywhere in the passage.

These are the basic requirements necessary, in each part of the strategy of listening section, which consists of two recorded lectures and one long conversation. These fundamentals are to be followed, in the following few preparatory steps.

Strategies in Preparation

1.      Spoken English From Various Sources And Accents

There are variations between the accents of English. It is the best to listen to English from various sources like television, music, radio etc. And also it is good to listen to the native speakers of English with different pronunciation and dialect. By doing this students would be able to improve their listening skills and also they will get used to different kinds of accents. It will be helpful very much if they listen to academic passages or conversations.

2.      Making Notes

While listening to a recording, notes should be jot down. These notes would help you to remember the important points given by speaker. The reason is also that, during the test you will be given only one chance to listen to a passage. Note making will help you to remember the details and the clues effectively.

3.      Main Idea

The main idea of a passage should be identified in a recording, as a first task while taking notes. Main idea of a lecture is usually given in the introductory part. The other details would be given in the rest of a lecture. Once the main idea is found it becomes a lighter task to find the purpose of the speaker.

4.      Pointer Words, Important Facts And Relationship Between The Facts

The pointer words may be defined as signal words or clues, given by the speaker. These keywords should be collected along with important facts and events. This should be done in order to compare them and identify the relationship between them. In turn this would give you the cause of the events.

5.      Summary of Observation

Give a summary of the recording which was listened, using the notes that are taken down. During this process, only important facts, relevant details, main idea and the key facts are covered. This is a good time saving technique, to prevent going through the notes again and again.

6.      Building your Vocabulary

Above all it is also important to build a student’s vocabulary, to find the meaning of a word, according to the context of the speaker. Students should get familiar with the words which they consider as new ones and practice them in their everyday life.

The steps and the requirements in TOEFL strategies for listening section, which are elaborated above should be followed and practiced to manage time while taking up the test. The most important part in listening section is to concentrate on the subject of the speaker, and a student does not have to be distracted by the accent.

Listening comphrehension  section is devided in three section with 50 section.

1.      Part A consist of 30 questions.

2.      Part B consist of seven until eight questions.

3.      Part C consist of 11 until 13 questions.

Tips and trick :

1.      Understand form of quitance in each part well before the day of examination

2.      Read the choice of each problem as many as u can as the narator is reading the instructions and the problem example.

3.      Listen with full conversation and focus on your attention to the conversation which you are listening.

4.      Maximize your listening ability in the first problem on each sections.

After General Tips Above, the following is a Special Tips on each part question:

PART A : Short Conversation

1.      Focus on the speaker to hear the second.

2.      Don’t panic if you don’t understand the conversation word for word in a complete, just need to capture the    ideas and content of the conversation.

3.      If you can’t understand what is said second speaker, choose the best answer is different from what you hear.

4.      Understand the functional forms of expression (agreement, suggestion, suprise, etc.), idiomatic expressions    and situations when the conversation is done.

Directions: In Part A, you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.

On the recording, you will hear:

(woman)  : I don't like this painting very much.

(man)         : Neither do I.

(narrator)  : What does the man mean?

In your test book, you will read:

A. He doesn't like the painting either.

B. He doesn't know how to paint.

C. He doesn't have any paintings.

D. He doesn't know what to do.

You learn from the conversation that neither the man nor the woman likes the painting. The best answer to the question, "What does the man mean?" is A, "He doesn't like the painting either." Therefore, the correct choice is A.

PART B : Longer Conversation

1.      When the narrator discuss the direction part B should read the answer choices at a glance and then record it and predict what the theme will be discussed.

2.      When you listening to the conversation, you must know the theme / topic being discussed.

3.      Beware on each question.

4.      Pay attention to the conditions and situations that occur during a conversation regarding the place and time of the conversation, what and who discussed.

Directions: In this part of the test you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.

After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

PART C : Talk

1.      If you have many time, take a look at the answer choices listed in a booklet and find the key word.

2.      beware talks in sentences first because usually the topic for the next sentences.

3.      Focus on listening to things related to 5-W 1-H questions (What, Why, Who, When, Where) and How.

4.      make a conclusions on the situation that occurs when the conversation is done.

Read the options on each question as much as possible when the narrator is reading direction and example problems.

This way you can save time. After reading the answer choices, you should better remember it, so you can focus when listening to the conversation. By knowing your answer choices will also be able to estimate the themes that will be discussed in a later conversation.

Example :

In the booklet you will find a selection of the following answers :

1. (A) Winter

    (B) Spring

    (C) Summer

    (D) Fall

By reading the answer options you can estimate that the conversation will be tested in terms of the number 1st is on the season. As for the answer consists of one sentence or sentences that are longer, you can simply read and remember the key word.

2. (A) A course where the Professor lectures.

    (B) A course where the students just listen and take notes.

    (C) A course with Professor Patterson.

    (D) A course where the students take part in discussion.

By reading the answer choices you will get a more vivid picture of the conversations that will be tested.

Listen with full concentration and focus your attention on the conversation you are listening.

In addition to accustom our ears to familiar with the conversation in English, you also have to train yourself to concentrate. Once lost concentration, most likely you will lose the idea to answer the question correctly. This is because the listening test no playback over the conversations that have been played.

Maximize your listening skills on the first questions in each part.

By maximizing the answer to the first questions you will be able to compensate for deficiencies in answering your last questions are usually more difficult. If you can not answer one question you should not be glued or regret. Soon forget and do not worry about it because you still have questions you need to do next. Even if you can not answer certain questions do not let your answer sheet blank, because your score will not be reduced if the wrong answer questions. It will be lucky if you chose answer was correct. Dala luck factor also plays the TOEFL exam.

Part A : Short Conversations, a strategy that should be done is :

This section consists of short conversations between two people (dialogue), both men and women. The conversation is usually the theme of daily life, from the workplace to the academic enviroment.

Here is an example of a conversation in Part A.

Example :

You will hear the conversation of two people as follows :

(man)       : What’s the matter? You don’t look too good.

(woman)  : I was frightened by a loud noise.

(narrator) : WHAT DOES THE WOMAN MEAN?

In the booklet you will get the following answer choices :

(A)  She was not allowed to fight.

(B)   Something scared her.

(C)   She mad a loud noise that frightened some people.

(D)  Some loud neighbors had a fight.

Answer (B) is the most appropriate. I was Frightened by a loud noise means something is scaring her.

As for the keys that you can use in the face of Listening Comprehension Part A is as follows:

Focus your hearing on the second speaker.

Most of the matter in question in Part A is a clarification question about what was said or intended by the second speaker. There are several commonly used forms of questions in Part A. Among these questions are as follows :

Ø  What does the woman (man) mean?

Example :

(woman)  : Did you or Elaine finish the assignment? I know she didn’t want to do it.

(man)       : I made Elaine finish the assignment.

(narrator) : WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

Ø  What does the woman (man) say about (...)?

(The points in brackets typically contains objects that they are talking about, it could be a person, a place, a certain item, etc.).

Example :

(woman)   : Did Tim ever figure out what that word meant?

(man)        : She had to look it up an unabridged dictionary

(narrator)  : WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT TIM?

Ø  What does the woman (man) imply?

Example :

(man)        : This television cost me fifty dollars.

(woman)   : Only fifty dollars? Mine cost a fortune.

(narrator)  : WHAT DOES THE WOMAN IMPLY?

Ø  What has the man (woman) assumed?

Example :

(man)        : Here’s the book that you asked me about.

(woman)   : So you did remember that I wanted to borrow it.

(narrator)  : WHAT HAD THE WOMAN ASSUMED?

Ø  What can be concluded about (...)?

(The points in brackets is usually about an object in question contains a specific person).

Example :

(woman)   : I don’t know if Simon liked the appartment or not.

(man)        : He said he liked it, but then he didn’t to sign the lease.

(narrator)  : WHAT CAN BE CONCLUDED ABOUT SIMON?

Don’t panic if you can not understand the word-for-word in a conversation is complete. You only need to capture an idea or content of the conversation.

Although not a complete understanding conversations you still have the opportunity to answer correctly. This is because the matter in question is usually a main idea of ​​the conversation. You just need to focus more on the second speaker. Then select the answer that is a restatement of the second speaker that has changed in another sentence.

Example :

(woman)         : I hope you were able to be really productive today.

(man)              : It was so hot that I couldn’t get any work done.

(narrator)        : WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

If you absolutely can not understand what the speaker said the second, the answer choices are different from what you have heard.

It has become a standard pattern in the TOEFL test, where the desired answer is usually to use words that are completely different to what was spoken by the second speaker.

Example :

(woman)         : Is Nicky going to work on the science project with us?

(man)              : She prefers not to work on group projects.

(narrator)        : WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT NICKY?

Understand the functional forms of expression (agreement, uncertainty, suggestion, surprise), idiomatic expressions, and situations when the conversation is done.

Listening Comprehension Part A contains questions with a certain pattern, as shown below :

1.   Functional Expression

Matter in question is usually the particular statements are used to express something, such as agreement, uncertainty, suggestions, and surprise.

Consider the following example :

a.       Agreement

(woman)   : I never want to take another test like that again.

(man)        : You can say that again.

(narrator)  : WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

In the booklet you will get the following answer choices :

(A) The woman is always talking about the test.

(B)  It’s all right if the woman keeps talking.

(C)  He would like the woman to repeat what she said.

(D) He agrees that the exam was terrible.

“You can say that again” indicates that the second speaker (man) agree that the test is difficult (D)

b.      Uncertainty

(woman)   : Have you seen the announcement in the lobby?

(man)        : What announcement is that?

(narrator)  : WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

In the booklet you will get the following answer choices :

(A) He’s seen the announcement.

(B)  He isn’t sure whatthe announcement means.

(C)  He’s uncertain where the lobby is.

(D) He doesn’t know what she’s referring to.

c.       Suggestion

(man)        : Is the lecture tonight worth atending?

(woman)   : Without a doubt!

(narrator)  : WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY ABOUT THE LECTURE?

In the booklet you will get the following answer choices :

(A) She’s doubtful about the lecture.

(B)  She’ll go to the lecture without her watch.

(C)  The worth of the lecture is uncertain.

(D) She believes the talk will be valuable.

d.      Surprise

(man)        : You know, Janson really didn’t do a good job on his presentation.

(woman)   :  I couldn’t believe that he was unprepared!

(narrator)  :  WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY ABOUT JANSON?

In the booklet you will get the following answer choices :

(A) The amount that he prepared was unbelievable.

(B)  She was surprised that he wasn’t ready.

(C)  It was impossible to prepare for his presentation.

(D) What he presented was unbelievable.

This model can certainly be out in each TOEFL exam. So you should specifically learn idiomatic expressions in English that contained a book that specifically addresses the idioms or slang words.

Consider the following example :

1.  Woman              : I asked Roger if he was going to help us, but he really didn’t answer my question.

    Man                   :Oh, he’s alaways baeting around the bush.

    Narrator             : WHAT DOES THE MAN SAY ABOUT ROGER?

In the booklet you will get the following answer choices :

(A) He never gives them any help.

(B)  He enjoys working in the garden.

(C)  He never gives direct answers.

(D) He always beats them when they play.

The phrase “beating around the bush” is used to express that Roger always provide answers to how convoluted or in other words never give a direct answer (B).

  Part B: Longer Conversation, a strategy that should be done is :
      Here's an example of a conversation on part B :
      in a tape recorder / audio device you hear :

Narrator           : Question 31 through 34. Listen to a conversation between two students.

Man                 : Hey, Tiffany. How would you like to increase the extent of your educational and historical background ?

Woman            : John, I don’t understand what you’re saying about.

Man                 : I just look my final in History 101 this afternoon, and I’m trying to get rid of the books They cost eighty dollars.

Woman            : Why don’t you try to sell them back to the bookstore?

Man                 : I tried, but they’d only refund twenty dollars, and I paid so much more for them. I’d like to get at least fourty dollars.

Woman            : Well, I'm not going to take History 101, so I'm not really interested in those books.Maybe  you should ask some other friends.

Man                 : I already have. Everyone I know has already taken History 101 and doesn't want those books

 Woman           : Why don’t you put up some advertisements in history bulding? Maybe someone you do not know will call you and buy them

Man                 : I'll try, but I do not think that'll work.

Woman            : Then you'll have to go back to the bookstore. After all, twenty dollars is better than nothing.

The questions :

1. In a tape recorder / audio device you hear :

(narrator)   : What is the topic of this conversation?

Answer options :

(A) The price of textbooks.

(B) History 101.

(C) The university bookstore.

(D) Ways to sell used books.

2.  In a tape recorder / audio device you hear :

(narrator)   : Why is the man interesting in selling his books?

Answer options :

(A) He desperately needs the money.

(B) Reading does not interest him.

(C) He's finished using them.

(D) He'd rather have cheaper books.

3. In a tape recorder / audio device you hear :  

(narrator)   : Why does the man not want to sell the books on the bookstore?

Answer options :

(A) The bookstore does not want to buy them.

(B) He would not get enough money.

(C) He does not like the bookstore's advertisement.

(D) It's too late to sell them to the bookstore.

4. In a tape recorder / audio device you hear :  

(narrator)   :What does the woman suggest that the man do?

Answer options :

(A) Post some advertisements.

(B) Take history 101.

(C) Give the books to the bookstore for nothing.

(D) Keep the books.

To work on the problems of the Part B the following keys you can use as a weapon in order to work well.

When the narrator reads Part B direction you should read the answer choices at a glance and then record it and predict what will be the theme of conversation.

You just need to catch a few words that can describe the conversation later. In this way we will be hearing much easier to follow and understand the speech you will hear.

When listening to the conversation, you have to know what theme / topic.

You can train yourself to get used to quickly read the answer choices and then think carefully about the estimated theme or topic.

Beware of spoken conversation enumerated by the first speaker, because usually this is where the main idea, topic, or subject in question.

Beware of each question.

Different from Part A, Part B in listening you will hear a series of long dialogue and then have to answer the four questions at once without any repetition of the conversation. For that you have to be alert and focused to hear the questions read by the narrator. You only have a very short time to choose the correct answer before the narrator reads the following questions.

Pay attention to the conditions and circumstances that occurred during the conversation, the conversation regarding the place and time, what and who is concerned.

You should be able to make conclusions about the situation because the talks in Part B are often asked to make inferences or conclusions about the conversation. In order to obtain the conclusion of a conversation you should be able to capture the data or information as much as possible from the conversation. Record matters relating to the time, place, who talks and what is being said in your memory. To that end, focused concentration is crucial in this section TOEFL exam.

If you can not answer, choose one that is the most you believe. You will not get the consequences, otherwise you have a chance to get extra scores.

 PART C: Talks

This section consists of three lengthy monologue conversation. Discussion in this section is usually also take the background of academic life : like a lecture or presentation speech, and the topic of the news that is being warmed in the United States.

If you have time, take a look at the answer choices listed in a booklet and find the key word.

You do not have to read in detail because time is very short. Remember, you only have time for the narrator read direction. Because after that you have to concentrate on the conversation you are listening. So when reading the answer choices, you only need to capture a few key words and then try to get an idea of ​​the topics that will be discussed. You should also be able to anticipate or predict what questions will be raised. This way you are going to listen to the conversation will become much easier. This is because when you can expect a theme, your memory for all things related to the theme will be active. Aktiasi allows you to be more familiar to the material you are going to listen to the conversation.

 Beware talks in sentences first because it usually will be the topic for the next sentences.

Topics is a question that is raised on listening Often Part C. It is usually always lies in the first part talks items, namely the first sentence to the third. Armed with a key to the 13th, you will be steady for the first part of the conversation listening monologue.

Focus your hearing on matters related to the 5WH questions (what, who, when, where, why) and how.

This section is mostly questioned things related to the question: what, who, when, where, why, and how. Untu it, you must be smart about the observed object in question, where the conversation took place and so on.

            Draw conclusions / inferasi of the situation when the conversation is done.

In Part C exam questions are often posed requires our ability to perform inference of what is discussed in the talk. This is what makes most of the TOEFL test takers difficulty in working on the problems in Part C. This is reasonable, because we don’t get the same exact sentence between answer choices are available with a monologue that was acknowledged by participants. Therefore before the exam, you must train your ability to conclude a conversation.